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971.
972.
Nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate-N) in groundwater is a potential problem in many parts of Kansas.From 1990 to 1998, 747 water samples were collected from domestic, irrigation, monitoring,and public water supply wells primarily from the western two-thirds of the state, and analyzedfor nitrate-N by the Kansas Geological Survey. Nitrate-N concentrations of the 747 samplesanalyzed range from 29% with less than or equal to 3 mg/L, 51% between 3 and 10 mg/L,and 20% greater than or equal to 10 mg/L. Factors that show a statistically significantrelationship with the occurrence of nitrate-N in Kansas groundwater in this assessment includegeographic area of the state, depth of well, and age of well. Nitrate-N levels of wells screenedin the High Plains aquifer in south-central Kansas showed a statistically higher concentrationthan samples collected from the High Plains aquifer in the western portion of the state.Comparison of nitrate-N with depth of well indicated that shallower wells throughout the stategenerally have higher nitrate-N values than deeper wells. Irrigation wells older than 1975showed statistically higher nitrate-N concentration than wells installed during and since 1975,possibly related to changes in well-construction practices and regulations that occurred in 1975. 相似文献
973.
综合物探调查评价深圳市地下水资源 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
在深圳市地下水资源调查评价工作中,综合物探技术所起的作用和取得的成果. 相似文献
974.
EH4电磁成像系统在砂岩地区勘查地下水的应用研究 总被引:27,自引:2,他引:25
EH4电磁成像系统是1套电磁自动采集和处理系统,它是CSAMT和MT的结合体.本文介绍了EH4电磁成像系统的原理、特点和该系统在砂岩地区,如内蒙、新疆、云南等地区进行地下水勘查的应用实例和效果 相似文献
975.
目标函数聚类法在地下水动态分类中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
地下水动态类型的划分是正确认识研究区水文地质条件与地下水开发利用之间关系的一个重要环节。本文论述了目标函数聚类法的原理与计算过程,并应用该方法对某河流附近的15个观测孔的水位动态进行分类。分析结果表明该方法具有较高的可靠性与较广的适用性。 相似文献
976.
新疆玛纳斯河流域地下水预测研究 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
根据新疆玛纳斯河流域地下水年径流量的时间序列, 建立了用于描述和分析具有趋势和周期变化特性的地下径流量时间序列的组合模型应用模型对石河子地区地下水年径流量进行了预报, 为该地区水资源合理配置和优化调度提供科学依据 相似文献
977.
北京地下水资源与首都持续发展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
分析了北京市地下水资源与首都经济和社会持续发展的关系, 提出了科学适度地开采地下水、全面提高北京市地下水资源与地下水环境研究程度的意见和建议 相似文献
978.
Waleed K. Zubari 《Hydrogeology Journal》1999,7(2):197-208
Over-abstraction of the Dammam aquifer, the principal aquifer in Bahrain, by the agricultural and domestic sectors, has led
to its salinization by adjacent brackish and saline water bodies. A hydrochemical study identified the locations of the sources
of aquifer salinization and delineated their areas of influence. The investigation indicates that the aquifer water quality
is significantly modified as groundwater flows from the northwestern parts of Bahrain, where the aquifer receives its water
by lateral underflow from eastern Saudi Arabia, to the southern and southeastern parts. Four types of salinization of the
aquifer are identified: brackish-water up-flow from the underlying brackish-water zones in north-central, western, and eastern
regions; seawater intrusion in the eastern region; intrusion of sabkha water in the southwestern region; and irrigation return
flow in a local area in the western region. Four alternatives for the management of groundwater quality that are available
to the water authorities in Bahrain are discussed and their priority areas are proposed, based on the type and extent of each
salinization source, in addition to groundwater use in that area. The effectiveness of the proposed management options in
controlling the degradation of water quality in the Dammam aquifer should be evaluated using simulation modeling.
Received: June 1998 Revised: November 1998 Accepted: December 1998 相似文献
979.
Groundwater as a geologic agent: An overview of the causes, processes, and manifestations 总被引:29,自引:4,他引:25
József Tóth 《Hydrogeology Journal》1999,7(1):1-14
The objective of the present paper is to show that groundwater is a general geologic agent. This perception could not, and
did not, evolve until the system nature of basinal groundwater flow and its properties, geometries, and controlling factors
became recognized and understood through the 1960s and 1970s.
The two fundamental causes for groundwater's active role in nature are its ability to interact with the ambient environment
and the systematized spatial distribution of its flow. Interaction and flow occur simultaneously at all scales of space and
time, although at correspondingly varying rates and intensities. Thus, effects of groundwater flow are created from the land
surface to the greatest depths of the porous parts of the Earth's crust, and from a day's length through geologic times. Three
main types of interaction between groundwater and environment are identified in this paper, with several special processes
for each one, namely: (1) Chemical interaction, with processes of dissolution, hydration, hydrolysis, oxidation-reduction,
attack by acids, chemical precipitation, base exchange, sulfate reduction, concentration, and ultrafiltration or osmosis;
(2) Physical interaction, with processes of lubrication and pore-pressure modification; and (3) Kinetic interaction, with
the transport processes of water, aqueous and nonaqueous matter, and heat. Owing to the transporting ability and spatial patterns
of basinal flow, the effects of interaction are cumulative and distributed according to the geometries of the flow systems.
The number and diversity of natural phenomena that are generated by groundwater flow are almost unlimited, due to the fact
that the relatively few basic types are modified by some or all of the three components of the hydrogeologic environment:
topography, geology, and climate. The six basic groups into which manifestations of groundwater flow have been divided are:
(1) Hydrology and hydraulics; (2) Chemistry and mineralogy; (3) Vegetation; (4) Soil and rock mechanics; (5) Geomorphology;
and (6) Transport and accumulation. Based on such a diversity of effects and manifestations, it is concluded that groundwater
is a general geologic agent.
Received, December 1998 · Revised, January 1999 · Accepted, January 1999 相似文献
980.
B. J. M. Goes 《Hydrogeology Journal》1999,7(3):294-304
The Hadejia–Nguru Wetlands are annually inundated flood plains in semi-arid northeastern Nigeria. The area has a unique ecosystem
that forms a natural barrier against the encroachment of the Sahara desert. Both the rich wetland vegetation and local farmers
using shallow tube wells depend on a groundwater mound (with a water table less than 6 m below the surface) that is present
in the unconfined aquifer under the flood-plain area. Using well records (1991–97) and a hydrogeologic profile based on piezometers
that were monitored for two years, it is shown that recharge through the annually inundated flood plains is the source of
the groundwater mound. Maintenance of the groundwater-recharge function of the flood plains depends on wet-season releases
from two large upstream dams. On the basis of a water-budget method, the mean (1991–97) wet-season unconfined groundwater
recharge in the flood-plain area between Hadejia and Nguru and in the immediate vicinity (1250 km2) is estimated to be 132 mm (range, 73–197 mm). Outflow from the unconfined flood-plain aquifer to the unconfined upland aquifer
is approximately 10% of the wet-season flood-plain recharge. The unconfined groundwater outflow from the flood-plain area
can provide a significant contribution to the present-day rural water supply in the surrounding uplands, but it does not offer
much potential for additional groundwater abstraction. In addition to outflow to the upland aquifer (∼14 mm), the distribution
of the annually recharged water volume of the shallow flood-plain aquifer is (1) domestic uses (3 mm), (2) small-scale irrigation
(∼15 mm), and (3) evapotranspiration ( 1 100 mm). Along the hydrogeologic profile, the recharge in the upland (i.e., outflow
from the unconfined flood-plain aquifer and possibly diffuse rain-fed recharge) is in balance with the water uses (i.e., domestic
uses, groundwater outflow, and evapotranspiration). The absence of a seasonal water-level trend in the two piezometers in
the upland indicates that no rain-fed recharge occurs through preferential path-way (macropore) flow.
Received, June 1998 / Revised, November 1998, January 1999 / Accepted, January 1999 相似文献